ВПЛИВ ЗЕРНОВОЇ КРИЗИ НА ПРОДОВОЛЬЧУ БЕЗПЕКУ УКРАЇНИ ТА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ

Abstract

The article analyzes the impact of the grain crisis on food security in Ukraine and the European Union. It is proved that due to the Russian aggression, Ukraine, as a leading grain exporter, faced a sharp decline in exports. This has led to serious problems with food security for millions of people around the world. This article analyzes the problem of food security associated with the decline in production. It is expected that this season Ukraine will receive a significantly lower grain harvest than before the war, in particular due to the destruction of a key Ukrainian dam and the flooding of agricultural land. The author also analyzes the reasons why the UN and Turkey signed the Black Sea Grain Agreement with Ukraine and Russia in July 2022, and assesses the consequences of Russia's withdrawal from this agreement in 2023 for global food security. It is shown that it is much more expensive and time-consuming to ship grain and other food products by land through Europe than by sea. Accordingly, the cost of transportation by land is increasing due to military operations, mined areas, destruction of agricultural infrastructure, and other problems. EU and UN actions are helping to curb price increases, but the outlook remains difficult.

Keywords: food security, grain deal, Russian aggression, Ukraine, European Union