Іmproving the functional capabilities of the seeder with disc coulders

Abstract

Increasing the yield of agricultural crops is closely related to the creation of proper conditions for seed germination when forming seed furrows by the working bodies of seeding machines. This is especially true for seeding machines with disc coulters, which, along with their advantages, allow the formation of furrows with significant clogging of their seedbed with plant residues. The reason for this, as it turned out, is that the coulter discs, rolling over the soil, with their pressing action on plant residues, with insufficient resistance from the soil, are unable to cut them, so they move them to the bottom of the furrows and leave them in the seedbed. Proper conditions for germination of seeds sown in such furrows are not created, which ultimately leads to a decrease in crop yields. It is possible to increase the cutting efficiency of the discs by giving them a rotating sliding motion, which requires reduced pressure on them when cutting plant residues. As a result, the cutting of plant residues by discs occurs in the surface layer of the soil, which prevents their movement to the seedbed of the furrows. Search studies have revealed a seeding machine, the coulter discs of which cut plant residues with slipping due to the fact that the shafts of the discs of each coulter are connected to each other by a hinge mechanism, and their opposite ends are connected to the outer ends of the shafts of adjacent coulters by hinge shafts, which are kinematically connected to the support and drive wheels of the seeding machine. At the same time, the drive of the coulter discs and the seeding unit during sowing can significantly increase the load on the support and drive wheels of the seeding machine, which will cause their excessive slipping, as a result of which the stability of the rotational movement of the drive mechanisms will be disturbed. It has been established that the stability of the rotational movement of the drive mechanisms of the sowing machine can be ensured by preventing excessive slippage of its support and drive wheels by balancing the increased rotational force on their drive shaft. Such is the proposed sowing machine, which includes an energy-powered balancer, which, under conditions of excessive slippage of the support and drive wheels, balances the increased rotational force on their drive shaft, thereby ensuring the stability of the operation of the sowing unit and the rotational movement of the coulter discs with slippage during sowing of agricultural crops.