Modeling the mechanism of interaction between a drill bit and rock
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2025-294-8-45-51Keywords:
control, automation, drilling, well, vibration, modeling, characteristicsAbstract
The study modeled the main components of the interaction between the drill bit and rock during well drilling in the process of ore deposit development to form an information base for automated drilling rig control. In rotary drilling, there are five mechanisms of interaction between the working body of the rig and the rock: tool penetration; cutting of the rock layer; impact chipping of the rock; friction of the tool against the borehole wall; removal of drilling mud from the bottom of the hole. These mechanisms of interaction between the working body of the drilling rig and the rock lead to complex dynamics of the movements of its main functional blocks, which include rotational and translational components. Its dynamic model can be represented as a set of connected elementary basic oscillatory blocks consisting of a spring (a means of storing potential energy), mass or inertia (a means of storing kinetic energy), and a damper (a means by which energy is gradually lost) . The mathematical model of a drilling rig can be represented by the equation of motion of the drive system in the above-ground part, the equation of motion of the drilling tool in the well part, and the equation of interaction of the bit with the rock. The mechanism of rock destruction during well drilling is characterized by a pronounced dynamic nature of energy-intensive contact interaction, during which each element of the drill bit is a source of high-amplitude vibroacoustic vibrations, which together characterize this process. Models of both the rotational and translational components of the interaction are proposed. A concomitant effect of the rotational component is the “grabbing-slipping” of the drilling tool, which occurs when the mechanism of engagement of the drill bit with the formation is nonlinear. This causes the entire drill string to slip or stop. However, if the accumulated torsional energy reaches a certain level, the bit is suddenly released and begins to rotate at high speed. The resulting torsional traveling wave is transmitted to the upper part of the rotation system. The axial movement of the main structural components of the drilling rig depending on the dynamics of the drilling tool is also modeled.
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