Іmproving the efficiency of a multi-stage device for cooling industrial factory flue gases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2025-296-10-19-23Keywords:
Laval nozzle, flue gas cooling, multi-nozzle device, simulation modeling, supersonic flow, Mach numberAbstract
The article discusses the problem of cooling flue gases from industrial enterprises as one of the key areas for improving energy efficiency and environmental safety. The high temperature of waste gases complicates the operation of heat exchange and gas cleaning equipment and contributes to an increase in harmful emissions into the environment. Traditional methods of gas cooling, such as heat exchangers, have significant energy costs, corrosion resistance problems, bulky designs, high costs, and maintenance complexity. One promising approach to solving this problem is the use of Laval nozzles, which provide adiabatic expansion of the flow with the conversion of the potential energy of the gas into kinetic energy, resulting in its intensive cooling. Based on an analysis of publications related to gas cooling, it has been determined that the use of Laval nozzles is effective not only for reducing the temperature of flue gases, but also for initiating moisture condensation and separating solid and gaseous impurities, in particular carbon dioxide and water vapor. To confirm the feasibility of this approach, a simulation of a multi-nozzle device was performed in SolidWorks FlowSimulation. The constructed three-dimensional model of a multi-nozzle device takes into account the actual parameters of flue gases and shows an effective reduction in flow temperature from 120°C to 72°C at Mach numbers of 1.1–2.7. To improve cooling efficiency, it is proposed to improve the design of the multi-nozzle device by using external cooling of the nozzles with water. The results of simulation modeling of the improved design of the multi-nozzle device showed improved heat dissipation, a reduction in the temperature gradient of the walls, and a reduction in the temperature of the gas flow at the outlet to 18°C. The studies confirm the feasibility of using multi-nozzle systems with Laval nozzles in flue gas cooling lines and open up prospects for further optimization of their geometry and integration into industrial gas cleaning systems.
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