Increasing the efficiency of a fat machine with centrifugal working bodies

Abstract

The use of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of crops leads, along with an increase in their yield, also to an improvement in the quality of the produced products. At the same time, the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers largely depends on the uniformity of their distribution in the soil. in particular, when they are applied superficially. The conducted analytical studies have revealed that fertilizer machines with centrifugal working bodies allow the application of mineral fertilizers with increased unevenness, which leads to a shortage of crop yields. In addition, the impact interaction of mineral fertilizer granules with the blades of the centrifugal disk during its rotational movement leads to the destruction of fertilizer granules with the formation of a dusty fraction, which, along with the deterioration of the uniformity of their application, leads to environmental pollution. It has also been established that the reason for the increased unevenness of the application of mineral fertilizers by such centrifugal working bodies is that with increasing distance from the fertilizer machine, the amount of fertilizers per unit area gradually decreases. It is possible to increase the uniformity of the surface application of mineral fertilizers in the technological processes of growing agricultural crops and, consequently, the efficiency of their application by means of their regulated distribution in the near and far sowing zones. To do this, in the centrifugal working body, the blades should be movably mounted on an elastic rod in such a way that when the blade is deflected, potential energy accumulates in the rod. In addition, the blades should be given a regulated nature of continuous rotational movement, for example, by a washer with an internal profile working surface, with the possibility of suspending the blade when it is filled with mineral fertilizer. At the same time, each blade of the centrifugal disk should be equipped with a finger directed towards the profile surface of the washer, in which a roller can be freely installed on the axis in the slot made in such a way that its axis of symmetry is coaxial with the axis of symmetry of the blade rod. In addition, the rods should be equipped with a device for changing their torque when changing the conditions of applying mineral fertilizers by a fertilizer machine with such a centrifugal working body. The execution of the centrifugal working body in such a form when used creates conditions for regulated distribution of mineral fertilizers across the width of the fertilizer machine, as a result of which their uniform application is ensured without the formation of a dusty fraction, and therefore an increase in the efficiency of using such a centrifugal working body.