Сoncept and implementation of complex renovation and regeneration of rubber engineering products, oils and composites of railway transport with obtaining new quality of materials

Abstract

The work is devoted to the creation of a scientific theory of the concept and laws related to the processing of industrial waste of the railway industry –REP (rubber engineering products), oil and lubricants, pantograph linings, brake pads, substantiation of their ecological danger and the development of complex methods of renovation, regeneration, disposal to minimize anthropogenic impact on the environment. Analysis of the current state of application of technologies of renovation, regeneration of REP, oils of carbon-containing polymers, theoretical and experimental research of the properties of waste materials, temperature, water content and other parameters, the effect of local cooling of high-frequency (HF) and over-high-frequency (OHF) electromagnetic fields of waste materials, use of ozone for the intensification of the destruction of rubber-technical products, which will allow to develop environmentally safe methods of regeneration, renovation and utilization of REP of different composition and shelf life.

A method of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuel from waste rubber-lubricant materials is proposed, in which the final block of innovative technical solutions, namely: the excitation of ultrasonic vibrations for the destruction of rubber waste; heating of metal cords by introducing a high-frequency current; excitation of electromagnetic vibrations of the cord; ozone in the pyrolysis chamber to improve the rubber solution and form a homogeneous mixture. It was established that rapid oxidation of rubber waste occurs due to the destruction of intermolecular and intramolecular bonds under the influence of ozone. Therefore, in the presence of microcracks on the surface of the rubber (the number of which is significant for used tires), ozone first begins to attack those molecules located at the tops of the cracks, which leads to the rapid growth of cracks and the disintegration of the material into pieces with relatively smooth surfaces. In the case of ozone attack, the surfaces of the formed pieces are oxidized, that is, the molecular weight decreases on the surfaces and oxygen-containing products of rubber oxidation appear. In parallel with the introduction of ozone and ultrasound, turn on electromagnets that create an electromagnetic field; the metal cord (included in the rubber) alternately moves from one magnet to another. Electromagnets activate the movement of the mixture. In this way, the dissolution of the rubber, its separation from the metal part and highly effective mixing are achieved.