Finishing processing of parts in a combined working environment under the action of oscillations. physical phenomena and dynamics of contact interaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2025-295-9-42-58Keywords:
finishing processing, combined working media, oscillating processes, micro-impacts, circulation motion, technological processAbstract
This article analyzes finishing processes using a combined abrasive medium under the action of oscillations, combining mechanical, physical, chemical, and energetic phenomena. The study investigates the physical nature of oscillation processes, the patterns of interaction between abrasive particles and the surface of workpieces, and identifies the conditions under which maximum processing efficiency is achieved. A comparative analysis of traditional finishing methods – grinding, tumble finishing, abrasive-jet machining, and vibration machining – is presented. Their advantages, disadvantages, and application limits in modern mechanical engineering are identified.
A new finishing method is proposed: machining with a combined working medium, which combines abrasive, chemical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical action. This medium consists of abrasive granules, process solutions, and process intensifiers, which, under the action of vibrations, perform a complex, deterministic circulatory motion, creating numerous micro-impacts on the surface of the workpiece. This enables cleaning, grinding, polishing, surface layer strengthening, residual stress removal, adhesion enhancement, and surface preparation for coating application. Like traditional methods, this method enables the simultaneous processing of a large number of parts, while its integrated approach allows for achieving the required surface quality in a shorter processing time.
The mechanism of contact interaction between the abrasive medium and the part surface is revealed. It is established that the process is accompanied by impact, cavitation, adhesion, wear, wave propagation, and energy dissipation. The oscillations are divided into frequency ranges, from infrasonic to ultrasonic. The effects of free, forced, parametric, and self-oscillations on the process are examined, as well as their influence on the behavior of the working medium and the workpieces.
It is shown that the machining process is a complex vibration-impact system with distributed parameters, in which the frequency, amplitude, properties of the abrasive, part geometry, and equipment operating modes play a significant role.
The dynamic properties of the working medium are examined: circulation motion, elastic impact interaction of particles, pressure wave formation, contact processes, and deformation of surface layers. The influence of process solutions on the intensity of the process is demonstrated. Mathematical relationships describing changes in contact parameters, impact energy, particle velocity, and interaction force are presented.
The proposed approach expands the capabilities of finishing machining in mechanical engineering, particularly for parts with complex geometries and high surface finish requirements, and creates the basis for further development of technologies for machining with combined abrasive media under the action of vibrations.
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