Аnalysis of the status and prospects for the development of green generation using the example of the USA

Abstract

The efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) plants, which refers to the percentage of sunlight converted into electricity, currently averages around 20% for most commercially available panels, with high-efficiency panels reaching up to 23%. Efficiency is affected by panel technology (like monocrystalline vs. polycrystalline silicon), design (e.g., angle and tracking systems), environmental factors (e.g., temperature, soiling, and cloud cover), and the quality of installation and maintenance. Advanced technologies such as bifacial panels, solar tracking systems, and concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) can further increase output. Key words: renewable energy sources, energy security, global energy market, energy policy.

Regions with limited space for constructing renewable power generation systems need to maximize electricity generation by optimizing the operational efficiency of existing plants and selecting an optimal location for the new construction of PV power plants with favorable weather conditions and surrounding environment.

The status of U.S. green generation is characterized by rapid growth in renewable capacity, particularly wind and solar, which accounted for nearly 90% of new capacity in 2024 and 25% of total renewable generation. Prospects for development are strong, with projections showing a need for significant, sustained acceleration to meet 2035 decarbonization goals, which will likely be met by large-scale wind and solar installations, supported by storage, and potentially nuclear, hydropower, and geothermal energy.

Renewable energy resources have historically played a small role for electricity generation in the US. However, concerns such as security of energy supply, limitations and price fluctuations of fossil fuels, and threats of climate changes have encouraged US policy makers to think and debate about diversification strategy in the energy supply and promotion of renewables. The current paper discusses the role of renewable portfolio in the US energy action plan. Results show that while renewables will create a market with near 10 billion.

For successful development in the field of energy storage systems implementation, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the most successfully developed country in this field, namely the USA. The competitiveness and leadership in the energy sector of the USA are undeniable, so we pay attention to the structure of the energy balance of the country, which has an advantage in the use of renewable energy sources. Thus, in the US electricity market, it is possible to study the success of the implementation and operation of photovoltaic installations, as well as to study the dynamics of successful use over a certain period of time. The work also conducted a thorough analysis of the global energy security rating, which confirmed the leading position of the USA in this sphere.