Оperational challenges in the interaction of mechanical parts of railway and road transport rolling stock in martial arts conditions

Abstract

The article comprehensively examines the operational challenges that arise during the interaction of mechanical parts of railway and road transport rolling stock in conditions of martial law, which is characterized by increased traffic intensity, infrastructure destruction, resource shortages and instability of logistics chains. It is substantiated that the combination of dynamic overloads, shock and vibration effects, temperature fluctuations, aggressive environments and limited access to scheduled maintenance leads to accelerated wear of friction units, gears, bearing supports and brake systems. It is established that the degradation of the track and roadbed forms additional impulse loads on the wheelsets, axle units, spring suspension, bogie frames, transmission elements and steering mechanisms of vehicles, which causes the cumulative nature of damage and an increase in the probability of sudden failures. The patterns of changes in the technical condition of mechanical systems under conditions of exceeding the regulatory operating modes, the use of alternative lubricants and spare parts substitutes, as well as reducing the time for diagnostics are studied. It is shown that traditional routine approaches to technical maintenance are not effective enough in a special period and require transformation into flexible strategies based on the assessment of the actual technical condition. The most vulnerable elements for railway transport are identified, in particular axle units, wheelsets, braking mechanisms and coupling devices, and for road transport - suspension, transmission, engines and tires operating in overload and off-road modes. The impact of the shortage of qualified personnel and limitations in material and technical support on the quality of repair operations and the reliability of restored units is analyzed. Conceptual approaches to increasing the survivability of rolling stock are proposed, which include the transition to technical maintenance systems based on condition, the introduction of express methods of vibroacoustic and thermographic diagnostics, the creation of mobile repair teams, the unification of design solutions and the formation of local reserves of critical spare parts. The feasibility of using digital monitoring technologies, the formation of a centralized database of typical failures and algorithms for supporting decision-making in real time is substantiated.

It is shown that the implementation of the proposed measures allows reducing the accident rate, optimizing the costs of restoration, extending the resource of responsible nodes and ensuring the continuity of transport support in conditions of military risks. The results obtained form a scientific and methodological basis for adapting transport technical operation systems to extreme conditions and can be used in the development of regulatory documents, modernization of the existing fleet and the creation of a new generation of rolling stock with an increased level of reliability and security.