Tax levers for stimulating sustainable development of enterprises at the current stage of development of the Ukrainian economy

Abstract

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of tax levers as a tool for stimulating sustainable development of enterprises in the modern conditions of the functioning of the Ukrainian economy. The relevance of the study is due to the deepening of transformation processes, the need for post-war restoration of the national economy and the implementation of the course for European integration, which requires the adaptation of tax policy to new challenges and standards, as well as the urgent need to introduce tax instruments (benefits, credits, differentiated rates), which would not only ensure the stability of enterprises in crisis conditions, but also stimulate them to implement energy-efficient technologies and comply with ESG standards. It is substantiated that the tax system and tax policy should perform not only a fiscal, but also a stimulating function aimed at supporting investment activity, innovative development, environmental modernization and increasing the social responsibility of business, sustainable development of the enterprise.

The paper summarizes scientific approaches to determining the essence and classification of tax levers of sustainable development, on the basis of which fiscal, regulatory and stimulating instruments of tax influence are distinguished. The role of each group of tax levers in the formation of economic stability of enterprises and the creation of a favorable investment environment is studied. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of stimulating tax mechanisms, in particular tax benefits, accelerated depreciation, tax credit and investment tax discounts, which directly affect the investment decisions of enterprises and the pace of renewal of production capacities. The paper also examines the specifics of tax regulation under martial law, focusing on the importance of the balance between maintaining the liquidity of the affected business and filling the budget. It is concluded that the strategic vector of tax policy reform should be the creation of a transparent environment that encourages investment in R&D, which is the foundation for the post-war restoration of industry and sustainable development of enterprises.