THE HERITAGE OF ANTIQUITY RHETORICIANS AND ORATORS IN THE MODERN TEACHER ORATORY ACTIVITY

Abstract

The article examines the historical aspect of the formation of rhetoric as a science of oratory and eloquence. The heritage of Antiquity rhetoricians and orators in the modern teacher oratory activity is analyzed. The main provisions of ancient Greek and Roman philosophers’ works, which form the basis of current rhetoric and public speaking are highlighted. The figures of the best rhetoricians and orators’ teachers of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, who made the greatest contribution to the development of public speaking, are presented.
Isocrates’ views on rhetoric as the power of knowledge that develops orator’s thinking and speaking qualities and the skill of public speech proclamation are presented. The teaching of Aristotle, the founder of rhetoric as the art of persuasion, the orator's ability to find the possible ways of persuasion on each individual subject is analyzed. Three types of methods of persuasion are reflected (the first depends on the speaker's personality, the second – on the listener, the third – on the speech itself) in the modern teacher oratory activity. The public speaking formula has been revealed. The importance of characterizing the audience with which the teacher works is emphasized.
The figure of Demosthenes is characterized as an orator who mastered oratory and eloquence through systematic training having overcome all his defects. It has been found that the main purpose of his public speeches was to convince listeners and instill in them his own ideas. The main aspects of Cicero's rhetoric, which are valuable for a modern teacher, are highlighted. His views on the orator’s figure are presented, tasks are defined (to teach, to give satisfaction, to motivate) and their implementation in the teacher's oratory activity is shown. The harmony in the speaker's use of rhetoric techniques and the content of speech is reflected. Quintilian's teaching on rhetoric as the science of speaking well is presented, his instructions to an orator are characterized.