"PROTESTANT ETHICS AND SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM": CULTURAL-HISTORICAL TRADITIONALISM OF M. WEBER AND AXIOLOGY OF EDUCATION

Abstract

The ideas of M. Weber outlined in the work “Protestant ethics and spirit of capitalism” from the standpoint of cultural and historical traditionalism as the factor of formation of the axiology of education are considered. It is noted that the role and significance of education in the works of M. Weber is manifested in three functional aspects, which forms its axiological character: by goals as the means of mastering in a profession; in spirit, education itself acts as an element of rationalism, practicality, individualism; meaning as the reproduction of values. The educational factor for M. Weber is just an illustrative element of his concept, which is a consequence of the formation and functioning of "professional ethics" which, in turn, determines similar meanings "educational ethics" i.e. the relationship of a person and a social group to education and a means of achieving the goals of professional activity. The educational component of M. Weber is regarded in the semantic characteristics implemented by M. Weber in the concept of "professional ethics" and "work ethics". Protestant ethics in the constellation in which M. Weber showed it is considered as the factor shaping the ideological position of initially separate groups of the population and subsequently the main part of society. It is noted that in this way a specific socio-cultural environment was formed on the basis of cultural and historical tradition and diversified into upbringing (educational) environment. The attitude of a person and society to education, profession, the work in M. Weber is the result of the influence of this environment. It is stressed that M. Weber builds his system of evidence based on cultural-historical tradition, proving the hypothesis that the influence of religious ideology forms social relations, explain the evolution of the religious into secular worldview. It is noted that M. Weber’s concept shows the strength of tradition (as a value) in the consciousness of Western society.