THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATION OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN THE FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENCES OF THE NATURAL AND MATHEMATICAL CYCLE IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Abstract

Children with special educational needs differ from healthy children in their approach to learning, which is determined by the factor of their development. Smart, purposeful training will help to compensate for a certain defect, and thanks to the compensatory capabilities and flexibility of their nervous system, the development of personal qualities will take place in the process of education. The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate the peculiarities of teaching pupils with special educational needs to the fundamentals of science in the natural and mathematical cycle in European countries. Attention is focused on the main requirement for the modern educational process of children with special educational needs when studying the disciplines of the natural and mathematical cycle – ensuring the process of self-realization and the formation of social competencies of each student. The peculiarities of teaching children with special educational needs in European countries are revealed. They include the creation of appropriate conditions that will help each child to express themselves (activity towards self-realization), to assert themselves (activity aimed at self-realization), to self-actualize (activity to enrich their own strengths). The article emphasizes that the most effective methods of teaching children with special educational needs are interactive methods, as they most correspond to the competence approach to teaching and raising children with special educational needs. The expediency of their use in European countries is well-founded because they provide space for self-regulation, create conditions for schoolchildren to complete the assigned tasks. It was concluded that in European countries, the education of children with special educational needs is an integral part of the general educational space, which is based on today's basic requirements for the education of the young generation in order to ensure the social adaptation of children and their appropriate self-realization, and the technologies used in this way for learning the disciplines of the natural-mathematical cycle allow each child to remain themselves, not to feel discomfort, insults from comparison with other members of the group, class and progress in development according to their natural capabilities.